Concrete in a severe freezing environment: a meteorological characterization
Résumé
In this paper, we present the results of three years of meteorological measurements (2013-2016) from two concrete blocks placed in a complete meteorological station located in a severe freezing environment. The temperature measurements were taken on one hand from an XF4 concrete block equipped with thermocouples placed at 2 and 8.5 cm deep and on the other hand from the temperature of the air mass coming from a Stevenson shelter with double shelf in opposite orientation, both compared to the laboratory thermal cycle according to CEN/TC12390-9 (Slab test). If this latter is giving a very symmetrical and periodic temperature signal, the first one is rather characterized by a strong asymmetry and irregularity in profile and full amplitude. We show that the natural conditions are very far from the laboratory conditions in terms of full amplitude, freezing rates and frequency of freezing-thawing cycles. In addition, we show that these field conditions are representative of severe freezing environment according to EN 206 standard, in the French Alps as well as in the Nordic conditions which can be found in Norway, Sweden and Finland.
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